Helpful Tips For Keeping Yourself Healthy | Articles Squad

Getting match is much more than your outward visual appeal. It also encompasses the quality of life, and also long life. You should express the frame of mind that permits you to implement the adaptations necessary to enable you to proper care correctly yourself. Several types of workouts are for sale to make your workout routines new and exciting.

It might be solid motivator to put goals for your personal exercise regimen. Attempting to make an ambition can help you get past obstructions, instead of turning into fixated to them. A target gives you one thing definite to pay attention to. You will be unlikely to stop on hitting the gym for those who have set up an objective yourself and possess managed to get recognized to others.

It is wise to make sure you are prepared to produce a work out strategy a consistent component in your lifetime. While it is great to put targets, you must make sure that you are creating workout a top concern.

Support your body?s normal therapeutic process soon after a powerful workout by ongoing to exercising a similar muscle tissue over the up coming couple of days. Working out muscles will get far more blood working to them, which implies a lot more blood vessels and a lot more nutrition that they need to restore.

Volunteer work is an excellent weight to boost your action levels in addition to help you individuals close to you. Volunteers are important for the various kinds of bodily labour that need to be carried out. This will get you suit and give assist to clingy businesses.

Developing more powerful abs is a superb approach to maximize your health and fitness initiatives. You can achieve this by carrying out morning hours stay-ups with weight loads or perhaps not. Your abdominal muscles work as an anchor for several of the other muscle tissue and in addition decide your torso?s range of motion.

Sometimes seeing a specialist for guidance on your fitness goals is the easiest method to construct one of the most doable and healthful targets. In many cases it is actually beneficial to talk with a nutritionist. They will help you realize how to make healthy choices, and provide you with a game title program to start.

You don?t need to feel all of that shame about watching television in the event you exercise as well. Each time a professional is available on, perform some swift workouts. This method for you to watch your favored demonstrates and function toward increasingly match.

Leg extensions are a simple way to build muscle your quads. A nice, simple workout you could find an equipment for generally in most gyms is lower leg extensions. Press your legs up when you find yourself seated.

You should take time from your working day to workout. Simple changes in your program like, utilizing the staircases at the office instead of the elevator, will prove to add up into exceptional exercise with time.

In case you have decided it is actually time for you start an exercise routine, don?t shed inspiration when you are stuck with boring routines. A variety of routines are present that will help keep you occupied and healthful at the same time. You must take pleasure in your process if you would like continue to be encouraged.

The proper stability of healthy proteins, carbohydrates and healthful fatty acids is required from your physique to ensure you to work out effectively and increase your level of fitness. Your daily diet need to comprise of a bit less than fifty percent premium quality protein, regarding a third complicated carbs and also the remainder ought to be consisting of healthy fatty acids. Each meal you take in ought to have a minumum of one way to obtain healthy proteins, since it is the principal building block for muscle.

When you are performing abdominal crunches, breathe out forcefully at the top of the movement. This causes your ab muscle tissue to function more challenging and burns up an increased level of unhealthy calories. Try this technique to raise the strength of your stomach crunches.

Since the article represents, it?s very easy to obtain fitness effects you will be pleased with in the event you give your very best. Don?t be embarrassed of the body anymore. In the event you keep to the details which has been provided on this page, you should certainly have the results you wish.

There is more information available about how to lose back fat take a look at Dalene S. Massoud?s site there is a lot of details not detailed on this page, visit Author?s blog to uncover more.

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How Developers Coded in 1985

Programmer John Graham-Cumming tells a fascinating story about what coding like was back in 1985. Unlike today's programmers who wear hoodies, down energy drinks and use a paper thin computer, programmers in 1985 had to code by hand... with actual paper.

The story behind the handwritten code is fascinating. Graham-Cumming was tasked with making the software for a machine that put labels on bottles without any fancy futuristic tools. He had to write code for the software by hand because there wasn't an assembler and the KIM-1 singleboard computer he was using to prototype computer control only had a hex keypad and a small display. It was a time consuming process, to say the least.

John Graham-Cumming writes:

Of course, writing code like this is a pain. You first had to write the code (the blue), then turn it into machine code (the red) and work out memory locations for each instruction and relative jumps. At the time I didn't own a calculator capable of doing hex so I did most of the calculations needed (such as for relative jumps in my head).

In our world that's become littered with gadgets, it's always mind blowing to see how far we've come in the past 30 years. It's like creating technology with nothing! [John Graham-Cumming]

Source: http://gizmodo.com/how-developers-coded-in-1985-485041376

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SoftBank allows Sprint to conduct talks with Dish

OVERLAND PARK, Kan. (AP) ? Sprint Nextel says SoftBank is allowing it to seek more information from Dish Network related to its rival bid for the third-largest U.S. cellphone company.

Overland Park, Kan.-based Sprint has agreed to sell 70 percent of itself to Japan's Softbank Corp. for $20.1 billion. But it recently got a competing $25.5 billion offer from Dish Network Corp. for the whole company.

Under the agreement with SoftBank, Sprint can enter into a non-disclosure agreement and talks with Dish so it can clarify and obtain additional information from Dish related to its bid for the company.

Sprint isn't allowed to provide non-public information to Dish and can't enter into negotiations with the company.

SoftBank says it remains confident in its offer and expects the deal to close in July.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/softbank-allows-sprint-conduct-talks-dish-124339338.html

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Possible 9/11 plane landing gear part found in NYC

This Friday, April 26, 2013, photo provided by the New York City Police Department shows a piece of landing gear that authorities believe belongs to one of the airliners that crashed into the World Trade Center on Sept. 11, 2001, that was found wedged between a mosque and another building, in New York. Police say the medical examiner's office will complete a health and safety evaluation to determine whether to sift the soil around the buildings for possible human remains. (AP Photo/New York City Police Department)

This Friday, April 26, 2013, photo provided by the New York City Police Department shows a piece of landing gear that authorities believe belongs to one of the airliners that crashed into the World Trade Center on Sept. 11, 2001, that was found wedged between a mosque and another building, in New York. Police say the medical examiner's office will complete a health and safety evaluation to determine whether to sift the soil around the buildings for possible human remains. (AP Photo/New York City Police Department)

In this Friday, April 26, 2013, photo provided by the New York City Police Department, police investigate the space between a mosque and another building in New York where authorities believe a piece of landing gear belonging to one of the airliners that crashed into the World Trade Center on Sept. 11, 2001 was found. Police say the medical examiner's office will complete a health and safety evaluation to determine whether to sift the soil around the buildings for possible human remains. (AP Photo/New York City Police Department)

Crime scene tape and a New York City police officer block the service entrance to the site of a proposed Islamic community center in New York City, after a 5-foot-tall piece of landing gear has been discovered wedged between it and a luxury high-rise apartment building, Friday, April 26, 2013. The wreckage is believed to be from one of the hijacked planes destroyed in the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. (AP Photo/Tom Hays)

NEW YORK (AP) ? A rusted 5-foot-tall piece of landing gear believed to be from one of the hijacked planes destroyed in the Sept. 11 attacks has been discovered near the World Trade Center wedged between a luxury apartment building and a mosque site that once prompted virulent national debate about Islam and free speech.

The twisted metal part, jammed in an 18-inch-wide sliver of open space between the buildings, has cables and levers on it and is about 17 inches wide and 4 feet long, New York Police Department Commissioner Raymond Kelly said Friday.

"It's a manifestation of a horrific terrorist act a block and a half away from where we stand," he said. "So, sure, it brings back terrible memories to anyone who was here or who was involved in that event."

Kelly edged down the narrow passageway to look at the object Friday evening, noting there is also a piece of rope intertwined with the part in what looks like a broken pulley that may have come down from the roof of the site of the planned Islamic community center, at 51 Park Place.

The piece of equipment was discovered Wednesday by surveyors inspecting the lower Manhattan site of a planned Islamic community center on behalf of the building's owner, police said.

An inspector was on the roof and noticed the debris and then called 911. Police secured the scene, documenting it with photos.

It includes a clearly visible Boeing Co. identification number, New York Police Department spokesman Paul Browne said.

"The odds of this being wedged between there is amazing," Browne said, adding it was not surprising that it went undiscovered for more than a decade given the location. "It had to have fallen just the right way to make it into that space."

Other World Trade Center wreckage had been discovered at the buildings and around the area in years past.

Police detectives and National Transportation Safety Board investigators will determine whether the equipment is from the American Airlines plane or the United Airlines plane that slammed into the twin towers on Sept. 11, 2001, destroying the towers and killing nearly 3,000 people.

When plans for the Islamic center, about three blocks from ground zero, were made public in 2010, opponents said they didn't want a mosque so close to where Islamic extremists attacked. They argued the site was "sacred" because landing gear from one of the hijacked Boeing 767 jets had punctured the roof of the building on Sept. 11.

During street protests, they clashed with supporters of the center, who said it would promote harmony between Muslims and followers of other faiths.

The building includes a Muslim prayer space that has been open for three years. After protests died down, the center hosted its first exhibit last year. The space remains under renovation.

Donna Marsh O'Connor, who lost her daughter Vanessa Lang Langer in the attacks and is a member of September 11th Families for a Peaceful Tomorrow, called the landing gear discovery "bizarre."

O'Connor is a supporter of the Islamic center and said the fact that the plane fragment was found there "makes me think that this was the right place for a center that was going to heal the divide."

In a statement, Sharif El-Gamal, the president of Soho Properties, which owns 51 Park Place, said workers called the city and the police as soon as they discovered the landing gear. He said the company is cooperating with the city and the police to make sure the piece of equipment "is removed with care as quickly and effectively as possible."

The medical examiner's office will complete a health and safety evaluation to determine whether to sift the soil around the buildings for possible human remains, police said.

Patricia Riley, whose sister Lorraine Riley was killed in the Sept. 11 attacks, called the landing gear discovery "very strange."

"Twelve years later we are still finding remnants of the attack on our country," she said. "... For years to come we'll continue to find things that we didn't see before. Hopefully, they'll serve as a reminder that we have to stay vigilant."

Outside the Islamic center building, known as Park51, a police officer stood next to the door on Friday and a police barricade was set up to contain the many journalists who had gathered to try to see the piece of the plane.

The landing gear could not be seen from the sidewalk so commuters rushed by and looked quizzically at the gathering.

Among the bystanders was one immersed in the legacy of the attacks: Van Vanable, heading home from his job as an ironworker building the new 1 World Trade Center.

"Amazing," he said of the find. "There's still pieces to the puzzle."

The Park51 space, a former Burlington Coat factory, is a five-story, mildly run-down building. Renovations are expected to take years and would add an auditorium, a pool, a restaurant and culinary school, a child care facility and artist studios.

The piece of plane is wedged in an alley space between that building and 50 Murray St., a luxury loft rental building.

___

Associated Press writers Tom Hays, Jennifer Peltz, Colleen Long and Karen Matthews in New York and David B. Caruso in Boston contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-04-26-Sept%2011-Landing%20Gear/id-5eba1b5267b345bb913f1220b253e384

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Rotoworld: Where they went in Rd. 1, 1-32

Thursday, April 25, 2013
Mike Clay is a football writer for Rotoworld.com and the Founder/Managing Editor of Pro Football Focus Fantasy. He can be found on Twitter .
Email :Mike Clay

Source: http://www.rotoworld.com/articles/nfl/43146/71/2013-nfl-draft-tracker

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Heavy fighting reported north of Syrian capital

BEIRUT (AP) ? Syrian government troops pushed into two northern Damascus neighborhoods on Friday, triggering heavy fighting with rebels as they tried to advance under air and artillery support, activists said.

The drive was the latest in a days-long offensive by government forces in and around the capital, an apparent bid to secure President Bashar Assad's main stronghold against rebel challenges.

The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said the fighting between rebels and soldiers backed by pro-government militiamen was concentrated in the Jobar and Barzeh areas. The Local Coordination Committees, another activist group, said troops also bombarded the nearby neighborhood of Qaboun with mortars and multiple rocket launchers.

State-run news agency SANA said troops killed five rebels in clashes near the main mosque in Jobar. It added that many other "terrorists," the term the government uses for rebels, were killed in the area and the nearby neighborhood of Zamalka.

The regime has largely kept the rebels at bay in Damascus, although opposition fighters control several suburbs of the capital from which they have threatened the heart of the city. Last month, government troops launched a campaign to repel the opposition's advances near the capital, deploying elite army units to the rebellious suburbs and pounding rebel positions with airstrikes.

The Observatory also reported clashes in the northern city of Aleppo, Syria's largest, between rebels and Kurdish gunmen in the contested Sheikh Maqsoud neighborhood. It also said there was fighting around the sprawling Abu Zuhour air base in the northwestern Idlib province.

Syria's conflict started with largely peaceful protests against Assad's regime in March 2011 but later degenerated into a civil war. More than 70,000 people have been killed, according to the United Nations.

On Thursday, the White House and other top Obama administration officials said that U.S. intelligence has concluded with "varying degrees of confidence" that the Syrian government has twice used chemical weapons in the civil war, which has dragged on for two years.

However, officials also said more definitive proof was needed and the U.S. was not ready to escalate its involvement in Syria beyond non-lethal aid despite President Barack Obama's repeated public assertions that Syria's use of chemical weapons, or the transfer of its stockpiles to a terrorist group, would cross a "red line."

There was no immediate comment from Syrian authorities on the U.S. statement.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/heavy-fighting-reported-north-syrian-capital-090505792.html

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Planet hunting: How MIT's TESS will bring search for life closer to home

Scientists with MIT's TESS project hope to build on the lessons of the successful Kepler planet-hunting mission and find planetary systems close enough for telescopes to study in detail.

By Pete Spotts / April 20, 2013

Relative sizes of Kepler habitable zone planets discovered as of April 18, 2013 in this artist's rendition provided by NASA. Scientists using NASA's Kepler space telescope have found the best candidates yet for habitable worlds beyond the solar system.

NASA Amers/JPL-Caltech/REUTERS

Enlarge

The discovery of three new super-Earths by scientists with NASA's Kepler mission is helping to reveal the bounty of extrasolar planets across the Milky Way.

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Now another team is set to build a new orbiting planet hunter that, during a two-year mission, will search for other worlds closer to our sun's neighborhood.

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which NASA approved under its Explorer program earlier this month, will be the first orbiting observatory to hunt for planets all around the sky.

NASA and the project's scientists, led by George Ricker of the Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mass., aim to launch the observatory in April 2017.

In essence, TESS?hopes to build on Kepler's pioneering role as an extrasolar-planet census taker and bring that nose count closer to home, where existing and future ground- and space-based telescopes can study in detail the planetary systems TESS uncovers.

Such studies "will allow us to really begin to figure out what their atmospheres are made of, what the temperature is like ? actually characterize those planets," says Doug Hudgins, project scientist for Kepler and TESS at NASA headquarters in Washington.

This kind of analysis not only will help astronomers uncover the range of solar system configurations and test ideas on how planets form and evolve. Such up-close looks also could provide evidence for life on any of the newly discovered worlds.

Among the signs researchers might look for: the presence of ozone ? a molecule made of three oxygen atoms ? and nitrogen oxides in a planet's atmosphere. On Earth, fossil evidence indicates that the first algae capable of photosynthesis, which produces oxygen, emerged some 3.5 billion years ago. On Earth, bacteria also produce copious amounts of nitrogen oxides.

The hunt for signs of life elsewhere in the galaxy is one of the drivers behind Kepler, and the inspiration for TESS. But Kepler isn't looking directly for life. Instead, it is looking for Earth-mass planets orbiting at Earth-like distances around sun-like stars in order to provide an estimate of how common such planets are.

On Thursday, Kepler's science team announced the discovery of three super-Earths in or on the boundary of their stars' habitable zones. The habitable zone is a region around the star far enough away so that a planet doesn't overheat, but close enough so it doesn't freeze either. In principle, a planet orbiting in its star's habitable zone should be able to host liquid water in stable quantities on its surface. Liquid water is seen as essential for organic life.

But the nearest of these new systems is 1,200 light-years away. Although the team speculates that one of the two super-Earths there is a water world and the other likely has a rocky surface, and while both fall into their star's habitable zone, they are too far away and their star is too dim to study with anything more than computer models.

TESS's targets should fall well within the gaze of a new generation of ground- and space-based telescopes. But those telescopes need to know where to look, Dr. Hudgins notes. And that' where TESS comes in.

Like Kepler, TESS is designed to detect planets as they pass in front of their host stars, dimming the starlight by a tiny fraction. If one could look back at the sun from beyond the solar system and watch for the wink an orbiting Earth would impart, the light would vary by just 0.000085 percent, a no-see-um in human terms.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/xS_epbvPKFw/Planet-hunting-How-MIT-s-TESS-will-bring-search-for-life-closer-to-home

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Same protein that fires up cancer-promoting erk also blocks its activation

Apr. 19, 2013 ? A protein which is intimately involved in cancer-promoting cell signaling also keeps a key component of the signaling pathway tied down and inactive, a team led by scientists from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reports this week in Nature Structural Molecular Biology.

Shc, pronounced "schick," plays a key role in activating signals which lead to cell proliferation (and cancer) when cells are stimulated, however it unexpectedly turns out to be a tumor-suppressor, keeping Erk under wraps when a cell is less active, said senior author John Ladbury, Ph.D., professor in MD Anderson's Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

"Shc is a checkpoint to prevent out of control cell growth, binding to Erk when a cell is not being stimulated by growth factors," Ladbury said. "Otherwise, the lower-level background signaling that's always present in a cell would be uncontrolled."

Keeping Erk in check while the cell idles

Overexpression of Erk occurs in many types of cancer, including ovarian and prostate cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma, so cellular control of its activity is important.

In the absence of external stimulation by growth factors, cells remain active but lower levels of cell signaling occur, which Ladbury compares to a car idling, ready to roll. Under these conditions control mechanisms are in place to prevent the cell kicking into gear. Shc turns out to be one of these controllers.

"We're essentially looking at the cell in a resting, but ready, state," Ladbury said. "I would argue that's probably more like a cell behaves in tissue, it's not normally getting a slug of growth factors as is often the way when we investigate signaling in experiments in the lab. There's still a lot going on in the cell, basically background activity." These findings point to a number of therapeutic possibilities, including the measurement of Shc concentration levels as a diagnostic tool and of finding small molecule drugs that block growth-factor signaling to Shc, keeping it bound to Erk, Ladbury noted.

Growth factors provide double boost for Erk

When the appropriate growth factor receptor is stimulated Erk is activated in the MAP Kinase pathway. It dives into the cell nucleus and turns on a variety of genes, actions that contribute to cancer proliferation, blood vessel production and metastasis when signaling is out of control.

When receptor tyrosine kinases on the cell surface connect with growth factors, they normally send a signal via Shc that sets off a chain of actions leading to Erk activation. Ladbury and colleagues looked at Shc's connections to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling.

The team found in mammalian cell lines that:

• Under non-stimulated conditions Shc binds to Erk in the cell cytoplasm at binding sites that are unique on both proteins.
• Stimulation via EGFR reduces this connection, but not by competing with Shc at the Shc-Erk binding site.
• Instead, on stimulation from outside the cells, EGFR adds phosphate groups to itself at specific sites. One of these forms a binding for Shc, which distorts the protein's shape, making it impossible for Erk to bind.
• Overexpression of Shc decreases the amount of activated Erk, because Shc mops up free Erk molecules.
• Depleting Shc expression with short hairpin RNA resulted in higher levels of activated Erk.
• When separated from Shc, Erk moves into the nucleus and activates genes even when the cell is not receiving a stimulus. Thus without the controlling influence of Shc, Erk can run riot in the cell giving rise to unrestrained cell reproduction.

Shc-Erk connection confirmed

Ladbury and colleagues then tested their results in the C.Elegans, a worm model frequently employed in biological research. Both Shc and Erk are greatly similar between humans and the worms.

Experiments showed that Shc blocks Erk function by sequestering it away from the Ras-Raf-Mek MAPK pathway in the worms. Without the Shc-Erk connection, the MAPK pathway is activated, causing excessive Erk activation.

EGFR stimulation not only sets off the normal activation of Erk via Shc and the MAPK pathway, Ladbury said, but also frees Erk for greater availability for activation by breaking the tie to Shc.

Co-authors with Ladbury are first author Kin Man Suen and Chi-Chuan Lin, Ph.D., Fernando Melo, Ph.D., Zamal Ahmed, Ph.D., and Stefan Arold, Ph.D., all of MD Anderson's Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Roger George, Ph.D., of the London Research Institute of Cancer Research UK; Eleanor Biggs, of the University of Bath, Bath, UK; and Melanie Drake and Swathi Arur, Ph.D., of MD Anderson's Department of Genetics.

Suen is a graduate student in The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, which is run jointly by MD Anderson and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Ladbury and Arold also are affiliated with the Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function at MD Anderson.

Funding for this research was provided by grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (GM98200), the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation and the MD Anderson Cancer Center Trust. MD Anderson also receives a Cancer Center Support Grant from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (P30 CA016672).

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Kin Man Suen, Chi-Chuan Lin, Roger George, Fernando A Melo, Eleanor R Biggs, Zamal Ahmed, Melanie N Drake, Swathi Arur, Stefan T Arold, John E Ladbury. Interaction with Shc prevents aberrant Erk activation in the absence of extracellular stimuli. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 2013; DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2557

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/ZYwNcwUze0A/130419171603.htm

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World finance leaders issue sober assessment

International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Christine Lagarde, left, talks with IMFC Chair Tharman Shanmugaratnam during the World Bank IMF Spring Meetings in Washington, Saturday, April 20, 2013. (AP Photo/Molly Riley)

International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Christine Lagarde, left, talks with IMFC Chair Tharman Shanmugaratnam during the World Bank IMF Spring Meetings in Washington, Saturday, April 20, 2013. (AP Photo/Molly Riley)

World Bank President Jim Yong Kim arrives for the International Monetary Fund Governors family photo during the World Bank IMF Spring Meetings in Washington Saturday, April 20, 2013. (AP Photo/Molly Riley)

Japan's Finance Minister Taro Aso, right, talks to World Bank President Jim Yong Kim before the International Monetary Fund (IMF) family photo during the World Bank IMF Spring Meetings in Washington Saturday, April 20, 2013. (AP Photo/Molly Riley)

International Monetary Fund Governors pose for a group photo during the World Bank IMF Spring Meetings in Washington, Saturday April 20, 2013. (AP Photo/Molly Riley)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? World finance leaders issued a somber assessment on Saturday of the global economy, saying the recovery remains uneven with growth and jobs in short supply.

The steering committee for the 188-nation International Monetary Fund issued a final communique that called for decisive action to bolster growth. However, the major economies remained at odds over the best mix of policies to pursue.

"An uneven recovery is emerging but growth and job creation are still too weak. New risks are arising while several old risks remain," the IMF group said.

"The commodity that is in shorter supply now is confidence," Tharman Shanmugaratnam, the chairman of the IMF panel and Singapore's finance minister, told reporters. "We need to regenerate optimism and confidence."

The World Bank announced that its policy committee had approved a proposal to establish a goal of eliminating extreme poverty, defined as living on less than $1.25 per day, by 2030. It is estimated that there are still 1.2 billion people living in extreme poverty with sub-Saharan Africa accounting for more than one-third of the world's extreme poor.

World Bank President Jim Yong Kim called this goal "an historic moment" for the world. "We are no longer dreaming of a world without poverty. We have set an expiration date," Kim told reporters at a closing news conference.

Emma Seery, a spokesperson for Oxfam, the anti-poverty group, said while the World Bank's target was welcome "we are concerned that it will duck the tough choices needed to reach it."

The spring meetings of IMF and its sister lending agency, the World Bank, on Saturday followed two days of discussions among finance leaders of the Group of 20 nations, composed of traditional powers such as the United States, Japan and Germany and fast-growing developing nations such as China, Brazil and India.

The finance leaders sought to project an air of cooperation even though they were unable to resolve sharp differences that have risen to the surface following an initially botched bailout of Cyprus in March. The banking troubles in the small Mediterranean island country renewed fears that a prolonged European debt crisis still poses significant risks to the global economy.

The United States was represented at the finance meetings by Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke. The administration pushed for European nations to moderate their austerity programs of spending cuts and tax increases in favor of more stimulus to bolster growth and combat painfully high unemployment in countries such as Spain and Greece.

"'Strengthening global demand is imperative and must be at the top of our agenda," Lew said in his remarks to the IMF. "Stronger demand in Europe is critical to growth."

But this push was met with resistance from countries such as Germany and Britain, which believe that heavily indebted European nations must reduce their deficits to give markets confidence and keep government borrowing costs low.

In the end, the finance leaders sought to bridge the differences by issuing economic blueprints that left room for both the growth and austerity camps to claim victory.

Dutch Finance Minister Jeroen Dijsselbloem, the head of the Eurogroup, encompassing the 17 finance ministers whose countries use the euro currency, told reporters Saturday said that European nations needed to keep pushing to reduce huge budget deficits but "we can and will adjust" the speed that the deficit cuts are implemented to take into account economic conditions.

The G-20 nations did reject proposals to issue hard targets for reducing budget deficits, a victory for the United States and Japan, who had argued for more flexibility.

The G-20 joint statement singled out the recent aggressive credit-easing moves pushed by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, saying they were intended to stop prolonged deflation and support domestic demand.

Those comments were viewed as giving a green light to Japan's program, which has driven the value of the yen down by more than 20 percent against the dollar since October. That sizable decline has raised concerns among U.S. manufacturing companies that Japan's real goal is not to boost growth through increasing domestic demand but to weaken the yen as a way to gain trade advantages.

To address those concerns, the G-20 did repeat language it used in February that all countries should not use their currency as a trade weapon and guard against policies that could trigger currency wars.

Japanese officials said they were pleased with the support they had received at the Washington meetings for their aggressive efforts to lift the world's third largest economy out of a two-decade slump. "There has been international understanding" of our efforts, Huruhiko Kuroda, head of the Bank of Japan, told reporters.

Lew said in his IMF remarks that the Obama administration would keep working to gain approval of budget legislation that has been stalled for nearly three years in Congress. The congressional approval is the last major roadblock to implementing an overhaul of the IMF's governing structure to give more power to developing nations. The change is expected to shift two seats on the IMF's 24-member executive board from Western Europe to developing countries.

Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega blasted both the United States and Europe for the delay.

"America is unable and Europe is unwilling to follow through with agreed reforms," he said Saturday in his remarks to the IMF. "The institution's major shareholders are gambling ... with the IMF's legitimacy and credibility."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2013-04-20-Global%20Finance/id-27cfdebd7c544c318e7934dd4a11b661

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PFT: Gronk arm surgery not inevitable but probable

AP

With the NFL Draft approaching, we?re taking a team-by-team look at the needs of each club. Up next is the team with the No. 10 overall selection, the Tennessee Titans. They have four picks in the first 97, ?and could be in the mood to move after an aggressive offseason.

Guard: The Titans spent (or should we say overspent) to make a quick deal with Bills free agent Andy Levitre (six years, $46.8 million). That took the top free agent at the position off the market, and made a splash. But they needed to make moves here in bulk. They also signed free agents Robert Turner and Chris Spencer, but they?re far from finished.

If one of the top guards available ? Chance Warmack or Jonathan Cooper ? are there at 10, there?s a good chance the Titans could move in that direction, and solidify their line from the inside out (in the image of their head coach Mike Munchak).

Defensive end: The one spot the Titans didn?t address in free agency was the pass-rush. The Titans got better there over the second half of last season, and they feel OK about starters Derrick Morgan and Kamerion Wimbley. But it?s a group that lacks what you?d call quality depth, and they could make an early move for one of the many rushers in this class. They brought Dion Jordan in for a visit, and he figures to go well before 10, but he?d be a dangerous player there.

Wide receiver: They found a complementary runner in Shonn Greene, and replaced tight end defection Jared Cook with Delanie Walker, but their offense still lacks much of a dynamic quality outside. The Titans have receivers with potential, but a legitimate threat opposite Kendall Wright would make life easier for quarterback Jake Locker.

Safety: If not for their free agent splurge, this would have been atop the needs list. But a quick move for former Bills safety George Wilson, then the later acquisition of Bernard Pollard gives them a solid pair to work with Michael Griffin. But having some young legs behind them wouldn?t be the worst idea.

The Titans are in at once an enviable but tricky spot. They spent in free agency to cover most of the positions which would ordinarily be described as needs. And while it?s good that they have an owner who is willing to fling money at a problem, that also creates an expectation of immediate results.?For all the money, however, it?s hard to say they?re significantly better at any spot than they were a year ago, with the exception of Levitre.

So much of the future of the franchise hinges on the development of Locker. If he progresses well, he has the opportunity to run a versatile offense, which is built on a foundation of running with Chris Johnson. That?s a good place to start, and takes some of the pressure off him.

But if Locker doesn?t start looking like a Top 10 pick, and soon, the rebuild in Tennessee is going to be significant, and will include coaches and players alike.

Source: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/04/11/gronkowski-surgery-not-inevitable-but-probable/related/

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The Vocation Of National Security: The Intelligence Profession And ...

All major nations employ intelligence capabilities to serve their respective national interests; the well-being of a nation ebbs and flows with the nation's successes and failures related to security, economic and political issues. Intelligence services are expected to provide accurate and timely studies in intelligence to satisfy the government policymakers' needs for understanding issues expediently with full comprehension. These critical inputs are derived from intelligence that is collected from various sources and verified by thorough vetting techniques. There are classified and restricted data which can be obtained only by the employment of special collection techniques. The Internet is a recent phenomenon which brings a plethora of sources to the analyst's fingertips, leaving intelligence organizations with the challenge of testing the veracity of that Internet information. The intelligence profession has the responsibility to synthesize all this information into a time-space context that gives expedient knowledge to government policymakers.

In order to deliver a useful product to policy makers, intelligence analysts need two basic elements: information and expertise in the subject area. The distinction between information and knowledge is important; information is data that has the potential to be incorrect or incomplete and which in isolation seldom provides understanding of a complex problem. Knowledge and expertise is developed through experience and intense studies in intelligence; knowledge is created by the analytical synthesis of information which gives meaning to the "raw information." In the intelligence cycle, the information is collected through technical means and human sources which may be categorized as the five INTs: Signals Intelligence (SlGINT), Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT), Human-source Intelligence (HUMINT) and Open-source Intelligence (OSINT). These INTs are summed up in the term "All Source Intelligence." With this substantive foundation of information and expertise, the goal of the intelligence profession is to then create an analytic product to provide top-level U.S. government officials knowledge for decision making; the quintessential product is the National Intelligence Estimate (NIE).

The NIE process involves the overall Intelligence Community (IC) and All Source information. In theory up to seventeen agencies and departments could be involved in a single NIE; but the reality is the contributors are limited to those agencies and departments which have a mission involvement in the specific subject of the NIE. Typically CIA leads the overall drafting and publication of an NIE starting with the Terms of Reference (TOR). The TOR sets the specific subject, issues and scope for that NIE. Drafting responsibilities may be assigned to a single agency or divided among participants based on expertise and knowledge of the topic. The analysts draw on the All Source information and studies in intelligence to produce a draft for review by the other members of that NIE team. Given the natural and unavoidable imperfections in the All Source information, the participating agencies may arrive at differing conclusions as to the meaning and potential consequences as related to the TOR. The lead agency will then convene the participants to examine and hopefully resolve the differences. Each participant can argue their interpretation of the evidence and rationale for a given conclusion. If a unanimous position cannot be reached on an issue, the NIE process provides a mechanism for dissent. The intent of the NIE process is to give the policymakers the best assessment the intelligence profession can produce even to the point of including differing views. Different views traditionally were included in the NIE text as footnotes. Since "A National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) represents the U.S. intelligence community's most authoritative and coordinated written assessment of a specific national-security issue," the final draft is circulated for each participating agency to review and then sign-off. The approved NIE is then sent to a highly select and limited circle of policy makers for consideration, understanding each NIE may portend precedent-setting events and historic consequences.

Dan Sommer works for Henley-Putnam University, a leading educational institution in the field of Strategic Security. For more info on Henley-Putnam University, intelligence profession, studies in intelligence, call 888-852-8746 or visit us online at www.Henley-Putnam.edu

Source: http://articles.submityourarticle.com/the-vocation-of-national-security-the-intelligence-profession-and-studies-in-intelligence-324900

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T-Mobile trade-in offer drops iPhone 5 upfront price to $0 for 4, 4S owners

As T-Mobile prepares to officially offer the iPhone for the first time, it's trying to pump up the lure with a trade-in offer for owners of the 4 and 4S models. Available through mid-June, the promotion lets iPhone 4 and 4S owners trade in their current device for an AWS HSPA+ friendly iPhone 5 for no money upfront (with monthly payments) under its new no-contract Simple Choice Plans. Additionally, depending on the condition of the hardware being traded in, customers can get a credit of up to $120 to be used against those payments (knocking it down to $15 from $20, for example) their usual bill or accessories. If last month's colorful presentation wasn't enough to pull you to T-Mobile from another carrier, does this new offer sweeten the deal enough? A full breakdown follows below in the press release, sales start Friday.

Filed under: Cellphones, Mobile, Apple, T-Mobile

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Source: T-Mobile

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/i4KC0sYp5Fk/

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Google Fiber has cost less than $100 million to launch so far

By Larry Fine AUGUSTA, Georgia, April 8 (Reuters) - Guan Tianlang answered questions about his readiness to play the Masters at the record-setting age of 14 when he gave two-times champion Ben Crenshaw a putting lesson at the 18th hole at Augusta National on Monday. The 61-year-old Crenshaw, whose career was built on his ability as a putter, mentored the precocious Chinese during their practice round, advising the Asia-Pacific Amateur champion about the notoriously fast, sloping greens of Augusta. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/google-fiber-cost-less-100-million-launch-far-235855685.html

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Fitch: Risks vary widely in local government pensions

(Reuters) - Fitch Ratings said on Monday that local government pension liabilities vary largely for the more than 1,000 local governments it rates because each government's pension situation varies.

The new Governmental Accounting Standard Board's standards set to take effect over the next two years are a "step in the right direction toward better transparency and comparability of government pension liabilities," the rating agency said in a report. It said it does not expect any major rating changes due to these new pension accounting standards.

Under new GASB rules that were approved in June, state and local governments post their net pension liability -- the difference between projected benefit payments and the assets set aside to cover them -- on their financial statements.

Also under the new rules, pensions with insufficient assets to cover their obligations will have to project lower rates of return on their investments, closer in line to the yield on a municipal bond. Earnings provide 60 percent of pension funds' revenues.

Local governments are short billions of dollars for retirement promises made to employees. The Pew Center on the States recently estimated that U.S. cities have a combined shortfall at least $99 billion. The underfunding has of late pushed some cities toward bankruptcy and into protracted political fights.

(Reporting by Caryn Trokie in New York; additional reporting by Lisa Lambert in Washington; Editing by Leslie Adler)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/fitch-says-u-local-government-pension-risk-varies-144915367--sector.html

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Sands Casino rolls dice, loses all in NLRB ruling ? Business ...

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has ruled against the Sands Casino in Bethlehem, holding that the casino violated the National Labor Relations Act when it refused to bar??gain in good faith with the casino guards? duly-elected union, the Law Enforcement Employees Bene??vo??lent Association (LEEBA).

The casino tried several arguments to show that the association wasn?t a legitimate bargaining unit. It contended the association was really an affiliate of the United Steelworkers because it used a union hall owned by a Steelworkers local. It also alleged the LEEBA was an affiliate of a labor organization called the Putnam Nurses Association. And it said a LEEBA official improperly at??tempted to influence the vote by giving four guards free baseball tickets.

The Sands had initially also claimed LEEBA manipulated work assignments and threatened and intimidated guards into voting for representation.

When the NLRB dismissed all those objections, the casino turned to challenging the board?s own legitimacy. It argued that the NLRB didn?t have legal standing to rule because some of its members had been Obama administration recess appointments who had been named when the U.S. Senate was not technically in recess.

That didn?t work either. The NLRB overruled every objection as either not being fact-based or having too little effect to change the election results.

The Sands must now negotiate with the union in good faith and post a notice of the NLRB ruling.

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Dengue cases may be 4 times more common than known

LONDON (AP) ? There may be nearly four times as many people infected with the tropical disease dengue globally than was previously believed, according to a new study.

The World Health Organization has estimated there are about 50 million to 100 million cases of dengue, also known as "break-bone fever," every year. But new research puts the number at around 390 million ? though about two-thirds of those people have only mild illness and don't need medical attention. The study was published online Sunday in the journal Nature.

The data won't change how patients are handled but could prompt a speedier search for a vaccine for the mosquito-borne disease. The study was funded by the Wellcome Trust, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and others.

WHO said it wasn't surprised by the higher estimates. "We fully agree the spectrum of dengue is very wide and there was every chance we were missing cases," said Raman Velayudhan, the agency's global dengue coordinator. WHO was not involved in the new research.

"The new numbers are not out of the realm of what was expected," said Jeremy Farrar, director of the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Vietnam, one of the study authors. He said the figures came from analyzing more evidence than was used in the past and included other factors that influence dengue.

Dengue causes symptoms including fever and severe joint pains. The disease mostly affects people in Asia, Africa and Latin America though it has also recently popped up in parts of Western Europe and the U.S.

There are four kinds of dengue and catching it once doesn't ensure immunity; subsequent infections raise the risk of severe dengue and may include hemorrhaging. The death rate is usually below 1 percent if patients get treated quickly, but can rise to 10 percent if not.

Clarence Tam, an infectious diseases expert at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said more research was needed on the significance of the nearly 300 million people who have mild dengue.

"Whether these cases are an important source of dengue infection for others is not well known," he said. "But there is clearly more dengue in the world than we thought."

_____

Online:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12060

World Health Organization Dengue Fact Sheet:

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/dengue-cases-may-4-times-more-common-known-171853820.html

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Lisa Rinna Bikini: 49-Year-Old Shows Off Incredible Body In Mexico (PHOTO)

Lisa Rinna enjoyed some time in the sunshine and showed off her incredibly toned body while on vacation in Mexico.

The 49-year-old star flaunted her bikini body in a leopard print two-piece while holidaying with her family at the Villa del Palmar resort in Cancun, Mexico last week, according to X17 Online.

SCROLL FOR PHOTO

Rinna celebrated her 16th wedding anniversary with husband Harry Hamlin, E! News notes. The couple brought daughters Delilah and Amelia along on the anniversary/spring break trip for some family bonding.

E! News reports that the four hit the beach, swam with dolphins, snorkeled and even visited some Maya ruins.

What is her secret to a happy marriage? Bedroom activities might have something to do with it.

Last year, the former soap star helped author a sex book with sex counselor Ian Kerner called, "The Big, Fun, Sexy Sex Book." In 2008, Rinna first revealed she had lost her sex drive. The actress, who turns 50 in July, then went on a journey to get her libido back.

"I just know how important it is in keeping a marriage going," she told CNN in May 2012. "Without it, you're roommates, you don't value each other, and boom -- someone's going to have an affair and get divorced. It's not easy being married; it's hard after 20 years! If you don't have sex you just want to walk away half the time, so you really need to make the effort."

Click here to see more pictures of Lisa Rinna on X17online.com.

PHOTO:

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/07/lisa-rinna-bikini-body-photo_n_3033122.html

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Manlike robot struts its stuff in camo gear

Devin Coldewey , NBC News ? ? ? 1 hr.

The creators of the eerily beast-like BigDog robot have shown off a new creation on video. The formerly headless "Petman" anthropomorphic robot has gained both a cranium and a set of clothes ? but its jaunty step is still the same, in a video shared Friday.

Boston Dynamics created Petman not to be a helper on the battlefield, like BigDog, but to work in the lab, testing protective clothing. Once the robot is outfitted with the latest hazardous materials suit or flak jacket, it can then walk, crouch, jump and generally move realistically, giving the new duds a good workout.

But why use a robot at all? Why not a lab assistant? Because the tests may include exposure to chemical warfare agents. No one but a robot is going to sign up to be be sprayed with nerve gas, especially in new, unproven gear.

In order to better simulate a human inside the suit, Petman actually produces sweat and heat, and is equipped with temperature and chemical sensors so that it can tell if a normal human would have passed out or keeled over.

Petman was created with funds from the Defense Department's Chemical and Biological Defense program. You won't see one walking the streets any time soon (as good as it might look doing it) ? but keep an eye out for the Atlas robot, also built by Boston Dynamics, and meant to navigate actual terrain. It should be showing up on video later this year.

Devin Coldewey is a contributing writer for NBC News Digital. His personal website is coldewey.cc.

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653377/s/2a6258ac/l/0L0Snbcnews0N0Ctechnology0Cfutureoftech0Cmanlike0Erobot0Estruts0Eits0Estuff0Ecamo0Egear0E1B9236450A/story01.htm

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Researchers identify edema inhibitor: Substance that can prevent the accumulation of fluid in body tissue

Apr. 5, 2013 ? Researchers of the Max Delbr?ck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) and the Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) in Berlin-Buch, Germany, have now detected a substance that can prevent the accumulation of fluid in body tissue and thus edema formation.

The results of Dr. Jana Bogum (MDC/FMP) from the MDC research group led by Professor Walter Rosenthal and PD Dr. Enno Klu?mann could be important in the future for the treatment of excessive fluid retention in patients with chronic heart failure. Using a novel approach, the researchers have also discovered a new molecular mechanism controlling water homeostasis in the kidneys (Journal of the American Society of Nephrology).

Every day around 1 500 liters of blood flow through the kidneys. Of this total volume, the kidneys initially filter 180 liters of primary urine, which they concentrate to two liters and then excrete as the final urine. A key regulatory step of the concentration mechanism is the release of the hormone AVP (arginine-vasopressin) from the brain. This hormone triggers a multi-step signaling cascade in the kidneys which affects water channels (aquaporins) and in particular aquaporin-2. "The water channels, specifically aquaporin-2, and their redistribution play a key role in the regulation of the water balance," said Dr. Klu?mann.

AVP, which is released from the brain upon thirst, induces aquaporin-2 located in the renal collecting duct principal cells to redistribute from the cell interior to the plasma membrane. The renal cells can then filter out the water from the primary urine flowing past the membrane via aquaporin-2. Dr. Klu?mann explained: "To keep the renal cell from bursting and the body from dehydrating, the water is directed back via another group of water channels, aquaporin 3 and 4, into the bloodstream and body tissue. In contrast to aquaporin-2, these water channels are located in another domain of the plasma membrane in the renal principal cells and stay there permanently." Once the thirst is quenched, the levels of the hormone AVP are reduced and aquaporin-2 is shuttled back into the interior of the renal cell until it is needed again.

However, if the AVP level is too high, as is the case in patients with chronic heart failure, aquaporin-2 remains permanently in the plasma membrane of the renal principal cell and directs the water continuously from the primary urine into the renal collecting duct principal cells. These cells funnel the excess water into the body tissue. "This process contributes to edema," Dr. Klu?mann said.

Discovery of how translocation of water channels can be inhibited

How can aquaporin-2 be prevented from settling permanently in the plasma membrane and thus triggering diseases or making them worse? Using a new research approach, the scientists were able to identify an inhibitor which prevents the translocation of the water channel aquaporin-2 into the cell membrane. At the same time they discovered a new regulatory mechanism of water homeostasis at the molecular level.

The researchers used "small molecules," low molecular weight organic compounds, which penetrate well into cells. They tested 17 700 such substances in renal cells and ultimately filtered out a substance that blocks the redistribution of aquaporin-2 to the plasma membrane. The substance (4-acetyldiphyllin) prevents phosphorylation, an important biological and regulatory activation step. In particular, the compound prevents a phosphorylation reaction that is catalyzed by a protein termed protein kinase A. This protein is activated in the signaling cascade that is triggered by AVP in the renal principal cells. In the presence of 4-acetyldiphillin protein kinase A cannot add a phosphate group to aquaporin-2, with the result that the water channels can no longer redistribute to the plasma membrane.

The new research findings may not only be of interest for the treatment of edema but also for the treatment of depression. Here, by contrast, medical researchers are seeking a way to shuttle aquaporin-2 to the plasma membrane of the renal principal cell, because lithium, which is often used to treat depression, prevents aquaporin-2 from redistributing to the plasma membrane, thus causing diabetes insipidus. If AVP is not released from the brain, or if the receptor for AVP in the renal cell is defective, this likewise results in diabetes insipidus, as Professor Rosenthal discovered several years ago. The affected individuals excrete 20 liters of urine every day. A similar effect, but not quite as drastic, is caused by alcohol. Drinking lots of beer causes the body to excrete large amounts of urine. The reason -- alcohol prevents the brain from releasing the hormone AVP and thus prevents the redistribution of aquaporin-2 to the plasma membrane.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Max Delbr?ck Center for Molecular Medicine.

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Journal Reference:

1. J. Bogum, D. Faust, K. Zuhlke, J. Eichhorst, M. C. Moutty, J. Furkert, A. Eldahshan, M. Neuenschwander, J. P. von Kries, B. Wiesner, C. Trimpert, P. M. T. Deen, G. Valenti, W. Rosenthal, E. Klussmann. Small-Molecule Screening Identifies Modulators of Aquaporin-2 Trafficking. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2013; DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2012030295

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/6eWnWFEIZfs/130405104814.htm

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Family Health and Fitness Night next Tuesday at Concord ...

Happening next Tuesday at Concord International School:

The Hope Heart Institute, Stockbox Neighborhood Grocery and Molina Healthcare will host a FREE Family Health & Fitness Night at Concord International Elementary School on April 9th from 5:30pm-8:00pm to teach over 150 students and their families about healthy eating, active living and heart health. The evening will include dinner, games, prizes, and health tips. Watch students blend a smoothie by pedaling a bike, or dance their way to fitness with a local Zumba instructor!

Community organizations participating include:|

Guelaguetza- Student Performance
Sea Mar Dental
Washington State Dairy Council
Seattle Nutrition Action Consortium
Cascade Bicycle Club
Get Sound Yoga
SPIARC
YMCA

Source: http://thesouthparknews.com/family-health-and-fitness-night-next-tuesday-at-concord-international-school/

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Penn Medicine's new center for personalized diagnostics unlocks cancer's secrets

Apr. 5, 2013 ? Just like a massive iceberg jutting out of the ocean, many of cancer's genetic underpinnings remain hidden under the surface, impossible to predict or map from above. The foreboding shadows and shapes that appear on CT scans and MRIs -- and even in the field that doctors see when they zoom in to look at cancer cells under a high-powered microscope -- are just the tip of the iceberg.

Penn Medicine's new Center for Personalized Diagnostics, a joint initiative of the department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in the Perelman School of Medicine and the Abramson Cancer Center, is diving deeper into each patient's tumor with next generation DNA sequencing. These specialized tests can refine patient diagnoses with greater precision than standard imaging tests and blood work, all with an aim to broaden treatment options and improve their efficacy.

"We're using the most advanced diagnostic methods to unlock cancer's secrets," says David B. Roth, MD, PhD, chairman of the department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. "A tumor's genomic profile is the most critical piece of information for an oncologist to have when they're deciding what therapy to recommend. The results of tests in the Center for Personalized Diagnostics reveal a genetic blueprint of each patient's tumor that is as discrete and singular as a fingerprint."

The Center for Personalized Diagnostics unites top experts in genomic analysis, bioinformatics, and cancer genetics -- who use the most sensitive data analysis tools available to identify the rarest of mutations -- with oncologists who treat patients and design clinical trials to test new therapies. Together, their efforts will provide cancer patients with cutting-edge diagnostic and therapeutic options.

The first group of patients who are undergoing testing through the CPD includes those with blood cancers and solid tumors of the brain, melanoma, and lung. Throughout 2013, the tests will be expanded for a wider range of cancer patients. Results are available within two weeks -- twice as fast as most commercially available testing panels. All new and relapsed Abramson Cancer Center patients will receive this testing -- conducted via simple blood tests and/or biopsy of tumor tissue or bone marrow -- as part of their evaluation and diagnostic process. Interpretation of results is communicated one-on-one to patients and their caregivers by physicians and genetic counselors.

In contrast to the CPD's offerings, individual genetic tests -- which now proliferate in the marketplace, even for healthy people who may be interested in going on a spelunking expedition through their DNA -- are time consuming and expensive to conduct, and they often yield information which is not clinically actionable. When these tests are offered for cancer patients, patients are often left with only a veritable alphabet soup detailing genetic information, with few plans for how to use those findings to conquer their cancer.

Since the CPD began operating in early 2013, however, tests in 80 percent of patients revealed genetic mutations that may be used to alter their treatment course or clarify their prognosis. The results are playing a role in:

• Matching patients with existing therapies designed to target mutations previously associated only with different cancers. For instance, some lung cancer patients exhibit mutations of the BRAF gene, which is targeted by drug Vemurafenib, initially developed and approved for melanoma. Testing in the Center for Personalized Diagnostics is helping clinicians make new connections that will expand the indications for existing drugs.
• Helping physicians determine which treatments a patient will respond to, or how well they will tolerate a particular treatment. Patients with the blood cancer acute myelogenous leukemia who express a mutation known as DNMT3A, for instance, are known to respond to higher doses of the drug daunorubicin. Learning this type of information prior to beginning treatment can help oncologists select and dose drugs in a way that will reduce side effects and boost patients' quality of life during treatment -- and increase their chance of completing their prescribed regimen.
• Identifying patients who are likely to have a poor prognosis if treated with first-line therapies, which allows clinicians to set up a cascade of alternative therapies or, in the case of some blood cancer patients, expedite the search for a matching bone marrow donor.
• Detecting resistance mutations that could slow or halt patients' response to targeted drugs, which allows for custom-designed combination therapies to attack tumors through multiple pathways.

The Center's research agenda operates in parallel with its clinical care mission. Each patient's test results will add to an enormous repository of genomic mutation profiles that, combined with the ability to follow patients over time, will help clinical researchers identify new markers and mutation profiles to better predict the course of an individual patient's treatment response and suggest new targets for therapy. As new mutations are detected and novel treatment options are identified, the gene testing panels will be modified and expanded, creating an evolving, real-time mutation profiling option.

"We see 11,500 newly diagnosed patients each year in the Abramson Cancer, and hundreds of others who seek our help when their cancers have not responded, or have returned, after receiving standard therapies elsewhere," said Chi Van Dang, MD, PhD, director of the Abramson Cancer Center. "A key part of our mission is to provide each of these patients these tests as soon as possible, so that we can quickly tailor a treatment regimen that provides them the greatest chance of a cure."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

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Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/m4ztSlvAFzs/130405104723.htm

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